Geophysical flows typically have small
and large vertical scale
, so
is very large and
. Thus
and the advective term is small compared with the hydrostatic pressure-gradient; the leading balance is hydrostatic (pressure gradient balances gravity), and vertical accelerations are negligible. Using the numerical hint
, for a depth
of order
one finds
extremely small and pressure/hydrostatic forces dominate inertial advective effects. In other words, geophysical flows are often (nearly) hydrostatic.