This method goes by many names, averaging, multiple time scales etc., familiar to nonlinear physicists (see, e.g., [3],[19]-[21]). It will turn out that depends only on itself leading to a closed equation for the particle number, the QKE. It will also turn out that are simply products of with a function of , which is the symmetric sum of components. This means that the resulting equations (2.19) are easily solved by simply renormalizing the frequency.
The quantum kinetic equation is given by
The evolution equation for
can be written
We can calculate the sign of once reaches its
steady (equilibrium) state.
For steady state we rewrite the QKE
(2.20) as
We want to make two very important points which are often overlooked.
While the leading order contributions (which at is the initial
state multiplied by an oscillatory factor) to the order
cumulants for play no role in the long time behavior of the
system and indeed slowly decay, higher order (in ) contributions
do not disappear in the long time limit. The system retains a weakly
non Gaussian character which is responsible for and essential for
particle number and energy transfer. For example, in the long time
limit, the order fourth order cumulant has the quasi stationary
contribution (the terms with higher order cumulants asymptote to zero
by means of phase mixing and the Riemann-Lebesgue lemma)
The second important point concerns the reversibility or rather the retracebility of solutions of (2.20,2.22). In the derivation of (2.20,2.22), we assumed that the initial cumulants were sufficiently smooth so that integrals over momentum space of multiplications of the initial values of by tend to zero in the asymptotic limit. However, it is clear from (2.22) that the regenerated cumulants have terms of higher order in which are not smooth and indeed have their (singular) support precisely on the resonant manifold which is the exponent of the oscillatory exponential. What would happen, then, if one were to redo the initial value problem from a later time , either positive or negative, after which the fourth order cumulant had developed a nonsmooth part? On the surface, it would seem that the term in (2.22) would be so that, at every time , there would be a discontinuity in the slope of . But that is not the case. If one accounts for the nonsmooth behavior (2.22) in the new initial value for , then one gets additional terms in (2.22) which give exactly the same collision integral but with the factor . Adding the two contributions, we find the QKE is exactly the same as the one derived beginning at . It is not that the point is so special. Rather, there is a range of times , such that, if one begins anywhere within this range, an initially smooth distribution stays smooth. But once the limit , finite, is taken, an irreversibility and nonsmoothness in the cumulants is introduced.
In a very real sense, then, the infinite dimensional Hamiltonian system acts as if there is an attracting manifold (an inertial or generalized center manifold in the modern vernacular) in its phase space to which the system relaxes as (in either time direction) on which the slow dynamics is given by the closure equations (2.20),(2.22). On this attracting manifold, the higher order cumulants are essentially slaved to the particle number density and their frequencies are renormalized by contributions which also depends on particle number density. The attenuation in this case is due to losses to the heat bath consisting of all momenta which do not lie on a resonance manifold associated with .